-tells of the death of La Boetie; Montaigne never leaves his side during death, knows La Boetie's wishes and thoughts; he thanked Montaigne prior to death and also read his own will out loud; La Boetie called for Montaigne with his last breath
-disagrees with views of "Natural Theology"
-frowns upon the hands of man destroying nature for his own selfish wants
-Talks about how he learned about the kind of man he wants to be through the death of his friend
-Speaks extensively of self worth
-Feels his service in government is unnecessary and may hinder his own life
-A religious man who believes the will of God follows you even after death
-Believes the soul will turn bad if no force opposed the negative
-Asks rhetorical questions throughout the essays
-Often uses nature to portray moral teachings
-speaks of women needing to be ornate and eloquent in all that they do
-beliefs manners and etiquette rule a society
-thinks that to study philosophy is to learn to die
-Talks about how for one man to gain something, another must lose something else
-Eludes to far fetched ideas
-References Aristotle as a teacher of his
-concludes that nobody can wholeheartedly love two people. Instead, can only love parts of many people or a whole of a single person
Pages 229-422
-The opinions of the ancients agreed that it is time to die when there is more ill than good in the world and to preserve their torture goes against the very rules of nature
-St. Hilary murdered his only daughter, Abra, because she was sought in marriage by the greatest nobleman of the country and was hypnotized by all the wealth and jewels promised to her
-His wife agreed with his actions so much that he killed her as well and her death was “embraced with singular and mutual content.”
-That Fortune is Oftentimes Observed to Act by the Rules of Reason
-The Duke of Valentinois attempted to poison Adrian, Cardinal of Corneto, with a bottle of wine that was given to the butler to keep safe. He was confident that they had not meddled with the poisoned wine so he took a cup too, but it was indeed and he passed shortly after
-One man had an imposthume in his breast and wanted to rid himself of the pain by dying, so he entered into battle and was wounded so thoroughly that the imposthume was broken and he was cured
-A painted was once so frustrated with his work that he threw a sponge at it, hoping to destroy and deface it, but ultimately made the painting better and it became his signature style
-The author personifies fortune and describes it as being almost human-like in its presence and the way that it affects others and this book even states that fortune has more judgment than we; this chapter is basically describing both good and bad karma
contemptible: despicable - polity: a state or other organized community or body
-His father told him of a plan to have a place in every city that specified in repairs and was entered by an officer appointed for that purpose
-He states that we were sufficiently clothed and covered to defend ourselves from the injuries of weather, like animals and plants, but that our artificial fashions have destroyed them
-He declares that if we needed to wear “petticoats and breeches” to survive, then nature would have provided us with thicker skin (like the soles of our feet)
-Plato advised for the health of the whole body not to wear anything on your head and feet
-Used Alexander from Greece as being sensible and the King of Mexico as being superfluous as he changed his clothes four times a day and never used the same dishes twice, essentially using them as foils for one another
continence: self-restraint or abstinence -inimitable: surpassing imitation
-States that the age in which we live has grown so stupid and that the very imagination of virtue is defective and appears only to be college jargon
-Plutarch complains that Cato died because of his fear of Caesar and that Cato was in truth a pattern that nature chose out to show to what height human virtue and constancy could arrive
-States that “we have far more poets than judges and interpreters of poetry; it is easier to write it than to understand it.” Why do you think this is?
-States that children and their innocence laugh and cry at the same thing, why do you think the majority of adults have lost nature?
-Uses a simile to compare how the sun darts new rays so thick upon another that we can't perceive the intermission to how the soul darts out its passions imperceptibly
countenance: appearance, especially the look or expression of the face
pretermit: to leave undone; neglect; omit -palliate: to alleviate, mitigate
-States that we should either imitate the vicious or hate them and that both are dangerous things because there are many when you resemble or to hate them because they are unresembling to ourselves. Do you think he would allow another attitude to be considered toward the vicious?
-Declares that it is not enough to move to a remote region away from the public, but one must sequester and come again to himself to remove himself from the conditions that have taken possession of his soul.
-Says that “Our disease lies in the mind, which cannot escape from itself; and therefore is to be called home and confined within itself: that is true solitude...”
-States men are tormented by their opinion of things rather than the things themselves
-In the kingdom of Narsinga, the wives of priests are buried alive with their husband's bodies, all other wives are burnt at their husband's funeral, which the joyfully undergo. When the king dies, his wives, concubines, officers, domestic servants, and anyone else who works for him are all burnt alive with him and see it as a singular honor to accompany their master in death.
peradventure: chance, doubt, uncertainty, or surmise -indigence: poverty
-Plato believes that pain and pleasure knit and ally the soul together but Montaigne believes that they separate and disunite them
cicatrice: new tissue that forms over a wound and them contracts into a scar
aspers: former silver coins of Turkey and Egypt
-The Turks give themselves great scars in honor of their mistresses, it is not explicated in the text and it makes one wonder why they feel such pride
-States that honor is so deeply rooted in all of us that he does not believe anyone was ever successful from discharging themselves from it
-Also declares that even after you have come up with your best arguments you still have little power to resist it as it is not vanity but rather inscribed into our DNA
-Personal honor and respect have a tendency to make the brain and heart go numb as it extricates morals, values, and feelings from the situation
cudgel: a short, thick stick used as a weapon; a club- In giving your “estimate of people” you judge them on their clothing and other possessions, rather than their legs, feet, arms, etc. which are in fact of greater use and value to them
disparity: lack of similarity or equality -rabble: a disorderly crowd; a mob
Compares kings and their behavior in public as opposed to their behavior in their castles to that of the present day actors who portray them to who the actors really are outside of the theater
caprice: a sudden, unpredictable change -apoplexy: a hemorrhage into an organ cavity
“Tis fruition, and not possession, that renders us happy.” Why does attaining such a desirable object bear us more joy than actually owning the object?
States that the mind and body are in disorder when they serve the external conveniences
Montaigne believes that it is much more easy and pleasant to follow than it is to lead, which I believe to be true at times as well, but in contrast being a successful leader is much more rewarding and fulfilling than being an obedient follower, which are you?
He also says that it is great satisfaction having to only answer to yourself and one path to walk in, but do you think some people naturally desire to serve and help others, essentially be followers, or do you think that it is acquired over time? People say that some people are just natural leaders, do you agree with this or do you think they become a leader over time as well? Based on Montaigne's perspective, what would you categorize him to be?
tumultuous: raising a great clatter and commotion; highly agitated, as the mind or emotions
Aristo defined rhetoric as “a science to persuade the people” whereas Plato and Socratoes described it as “an art to flatter and deceive.” Who do you think Montaigne would have agreed with? What are some popular examples of rhetoric today?
infirm: not firm, solid, or strong -sprightly: animated, vivacious, lively
This chapter was about our never-ending thirst for for new things and how once we attain something we wished for, we immediately want something new. Why is it that we always want something that we can't or don't have? Why do we long for material objects rather than enjoy the people and relationships that truly matter to us? It really makes you wonder why it appears that everyone wants
Pages 423-619
-A body cannot reach bigger physical heights or stretches without being called to do so by God
-Dying is most noteworthy thing in mans life, though it's hard for man to believe his last hour has come.
-The higher we believe our importance is, the more we believe we cannot die. So rare and perfect, the world would be unable to function without us there.
-Emperors would prolong prisoners death through torture.
-Suicides are planned but not always followed through by the person so it must be finished by someone else.
-It is strange to have no fear of death and want to taste it
-If we had to choose between food or drink, we would die of theist and hunger.
-When it is difficult to do or get something it makes us prize things
-Leap over what is fixed in your path, to chase whatever runs away
-You are found more beautiful if their are difficulties and hazards to faced rather than those who are easy
-What is allowed has no charm: what is not allowed, we burn to do
-Defenses in home attract offenses. Where leaving door open protects it
-Glory may be won but not always earned
-Glory is not worth it if no one is looking
-Glory is only worth it when someone can bring news back of your valor
-Honor is found not in glory but in good deeds
-Even if I did not follow the right road for its rightness, I would still follow it because I have found from that experience that, at the end of the day, it is usually the happiest one and the most useful.
-We are more concerned that our named be known rather than what is being said about it
-Those who dies in war are forgotten
-Through speech and thought, good people are distinguished from bad
-Over high opinion of our own self worth
-Greeting all with no regard to status has no meaning
-Some get pleasure from there writing, others don't
-When I read it over, I am ashamed to have written it, because even I who wrote it judge it worth erasing
-Men are judged on height, and without it they are given woman tasks. Not his face nor hair could make him beautiful
-Some men gamble all they have once they finally earn it
-Say what you think, if you pretend and lie it is wicked
-Sometimes we must tell someone our idea before it vanishes in our soul
-When you give your self little worth and admirance, it is hard for others to say worse than you have already divulged
-Many men consider themselves great, but it is those who value themselves the least who are never displeased with themselves
-You can see so many people lying and insulting each other to the face, makes narrator proud to be honest person
-The Christian ruler did some good things of society like lowering taxes and honored his religion
-The kings could not do what they wished so they pretended to wish to do what they could
Pages 620-887
- he recalls all that he's written up to this point (this was the ending
before book 3)
- colic= abdominal pain, paroxysm=sudden attack of disease; he has a
kidney stone
- he thinks it's kind of crazy that sperm can pass on not only physical
- he wonders how he has a kidney stone like his father did- not modern
medicine or genetics yet
- "the art of medicine is built from examples and experience. So are my
- nothing can really be enjoyed without good health
- he talks about his ancestors refusing to use medicine and he doesn't
- medicine for every little thing isn't good; he compares it to sorcery
w/crazy ingredients
- he thinks doctors are concerned about their reputations and do more
- criticizes doctors' advice on healthy living, it's good to do this,
- salubrious= healthful, wholesome\
- inimical= hostile/unfriendly; in opposition/adverse
- big change in tone- he says he has nothing against doctors, only
against their art
- he calls doctors and lets them see him (WTF?!) total change since he'd
- he understands that there are arguments made for medicine and he
Pages 891-1003
Pages 891-1003
-Montaigne's definition of useful, "what is profitable to a man or to his country and every sort of public and private interest."
-"what was useful for what was honourable."
-Nothing is useless; everything in Nature has a purpose and a place but it is sometimes diseased with malicious qualities (jealousy, vengeance, superstition...)
-Refers to himself as a "weak" who cannot take on the roles of "vigorous and less timorous citizens" (soldiers) who sacrifice their lives for their country
-Believes that authority should not abuse power but equitably use it for justice
-On the Emperor's order, the Romans must punish a pretender but could not legally forgo their mission, therefore they committed their duty "usefully" but not "honourably."
a title or position
-Ignominy: public shame or disgrace
-Lists examples of an inferior betraying it's authority and the consequences behind it --a slave runs away from his or her master is hung as an example for other insurgents
-"The master flogs the pupil because he was willing to learn, and the guide flogs the blind man." The cruel reality of what we call justice.
-"We wrongfully adduce the honour and beauty of an activity from it's usefulness..."
-a soldier is 'honored' for killing his own brother during the Civil War fought against the same sided blood
-Montaigne states that "repenting consists not in regret but in denying the rightness of what one had formerly willed."
-Only repent in the presence of God.
-Symbolizes the world as a perennial see-saw with instability in it's realm
-people change whether it be from a sudden epiphany or a sudden gain of different attributes or aspects from life
-"... I rarely repent and that my conscience is happy with itself - not as the consciences of an angel... of a man"
-ties in the religious element that all men are sinners in the eyes of the Lord; no man is perfect
-Montaigne states that only you know yourself well enough to make a judgement on whether or not you are evil, no one else can because others can only surmise about you from your outside standards which does not reveal the true character
-society can only judge the outer shell of a person
-Alludes to Alexander the Great and Socrates, neither can replace the other, as one is a man of strength and the other of poetic expression.
-Nature vs nurture, breaking away from parental supervision and finding one's own form of expression
-A story about a peasant is told, his name Pincher. One day, he decides to become a thief to escape the poverty. He began growing vegetables on other men's land and in one night, would load all the produce on his back and sell it in the market. In his old age, he was a wealthy man as the money added up. He swore to compensate the victims he stole from but he does not repent on his actions as he would choose wealth over poverty any day.
-Condemning one's self and wishing to be reborn is not a form of repentance; repenting is being in harmony with one's self.
-Loving friendship, loving relationships with women, and reading books
-all three engage the whole man, soul and body; synonymous to honor and decent
-People should adapt to change to show more variety and flexibility like Cato who is the epitome of versatility.
-Exceptional friendship is difficult to find and should be hungered for.
-Montaigne expresses that discussion is the key to an intimate friendship whether it be one with depth or a casual conversation.
-States that love can come in forms of pleasure or a relationship, doesn't find intimate pleasure as a bad thing but describes love as dangerous
-shared intimacy with a prostitute and in result got syphilis
-The presence of a book alone should be comforting, one does not necessarily have to read a book to understand the pleasures of it.
-Introduces a flashback where Montaigne would spent time in his library as it oversaw his backyard, garden, and the majority of his house with a book in hand.
-Humans have the power to choose a good book but often do not select the "right" one. In a deeper meaning, people often are tempted into the wrong path when they have the power to choose which road to take.
-Diversion: an instance of turning something aside from its course
-Pain and grief cannot be easily cured but it can be diverted into a less agonizing scar; most people search for diversion to assuage their pain(s).
-military diversions often used in history to lure the enemy from their lands, political diversion also common but does not wish to explain it (Why?)
-Personal gain: Atalanta was a woman of outstanding beauty with whom many men wished to wed. -She proposed that any man who could beat her in a race could have her hand in marriage, but those who lost would be killed. Hippomenes, a possible suitor, prayed to the goddess of amorous passion who offered him beautiful golden apples. During his race against Atalanta, he dropped the diversion and she immediately stopped at it's beauty. He had won the race.
-Acceptance: Socrates was a man of wisdom who greeted death as an normal countenance. He had trained himself to accept the irrevocable death.
-"what was useful for what was honourable."
-Nothing is useless; everything in Nature has a purpose and a place but it is sometimes diseased with malicious qualities (jealousy, vengeance, superstition...)
-Refers to himself as a "weak" who cannot take on the roles of "vigorous and less timorous citizens" (soldiers) who sacrifice their lives for their country
-Believes that authority should not abuse power but equitably use it for justice
-On the Emperor's order, the Romans must punish a pretender but could not legally forgo their mission, therefore they committed their duty "usefully" but not "honourably."
a title or position
-Ignominy: public shame or disgrace
-Lists examples of an inferior betraying it's authority and the consequences behind it --a slave runs away from his or her master is hung as an example for other insurgents
-"The master flogs the pupil because he was willing to learn, and the guide flogs the blind man." The cruel reality of what we call justice.
-"We wrongfully adduce the honour and beauty of an activity from it's usefulness..."
-a soldier is 'honored' for killing his own brother during the Civil War fought against the same sided blood
-Montaigne states that "repenting consists not in regret but in denying the rightness of what one had formerly willed."
-Only repent in the presence of God.
-Symbolizes the world as a perennial see-saw with instability in it's realm
-people change whether it be from a sudden epiphany or a sudden gain of different attributes or aspects from life
-"... I rarely repent and that my conscience is happy with itself - not as the consciences of an angel... of a man"
-ties in the religious element that all men are sinners in the eyes of the Lord; no man is perfect
-Montaigne states that only you know yourself well enough to make a judgement on whether or not you are evil, no one else can because others can only surmise about you from your outside standards which does not reveal the true character
-society can only judge the outer shell of a person
-Alludes to Alexander the Great and Socrates, neither can replace the other, as one is a man of strength and the other of poetic expression.
-Nature vs nurture, breaking away from parental supervision and finding one's own form of expression
-A story about a peasant is told, his name Pincher. One day, he decides to become a thief to escape the poverty. He began growing vegetables on other men's land and in one night, would load all the produce on his back and sell it in the market. In his old age, he was a wealthy man as the money added up. He swore to compensate the victims he stole from but he does not repent on his actions as he would choose wealth over poverty any day.
-Condemning one's self and wishing to be reborn is not a form of repentance; repenting is being in harmony with one's self.
-Loving friendship, loving relationships with women, and reading books
-all three engage the whole man, soul and body; synonymous to honor and decent
-People should adapt to change to show more variety and flexibility like Cato who is the epitome of versatility.
-Exceptional friendship is difficult to find and should be hungered for.
-Montaigne expresses that discussion is the key to an intimate friendship whether it be one with depth or a casual conversation.
-States that love can come in forms of pleasure or a relationship, doesn't find intimate pleasure as a bad thing but describes love as dangerous
-shared intimacy with a prostitute and in result got syphilis
-The presence of a book alone should be comforting, one does not necessarily have to read a book to understand the pleasures of it.
-Introduces a flashback where Montaigne would spent time in his library as it oversaw his backyard, garden, and the majority of his house with a book in hand.
-Humans have the power to choose a good book but often do not select the "right" one. In a deeper meaning, people often are tempted into the wrong path when they have the power to choose which road to take.
-Diversion: an instance of turning something aside from its course
-Pain and grief cannot be easily cured but it can be diverted into a less agonizing scar; most people search for diversion to assuage their pain(s).
-military diversions often used in history to lure the enemy from their lands, political diversion also common but does not wish to explain it (Why?)
-Personal gain: Atalanta was a woman of outstanding beauty with whom many men wished to wed. -She proposed that any man who could beat her in a race could have her hand in marriage, but those who lost would be killed. Hippomenes, a possible suitor, prayed to the goddess of amorous passion who offered him beautiful golden apples. During his race against Atalanta, he dropped the diversion and she immediately stopped at it's beauty. He had won the race.
-Acceptance: Socrates was a man of wisdom who greeted death as an normal countenance. He had trained himself to accept the irrevocable death.
Pages 1004-1206
Restrain- to exhibit
from doing, exhibiting, or expressing something.
- For someone to
restrain their own will means for that person to make a choice and to stop taking action on a certain subject or
matter that may naturally occur for them to do without really thinking about
it.
- He is saying
in order for him to restrain from what human nature usually intends him to move
towards, he exercises this emotion by reason and reflection in order to control
this way of life.
- He says this
to prove a point that the only reason people either choose to start an argument
or get pulled into a specific course of action is to stay busy. It may not
always be a person wanting to constantly be doing something but instead that
person is just unable to stay still, so they choose to start a fight, or take
action, or revolt because it is their will to do so.
- He explains
that a man who doesn’t know his true duties and doesn’t practice them doesn’t
live for himself and therefore will never truly be happy without a loving
friendship not only between other people but more importantly himself.
- I disagree
with this statement because the more passionate a person is about something the
more likely they are to achieve it and win. He is trying to say that the better
a person handles winning or losing in a situation, the game will be successfully
played no matter what. If we really want something bad enough losing it won’t
be an option we would find a way to successfully play out whatever situation we
are put in. Even if we do by some chance lose it we would come to terms knowing
that we tried all we can to ensure we wouldn’t. Knowing there wasn’t anything
we could do, and then be able to move on from it.
- Here he is
talking about a person’s emotions, that if a person cannot stop their emotions
they won’t ever be able to chase them out. Once emotions have taken over it
indulges the body into being shaken and vulnerable to weaknesses that can
venture on deep within oneself and will never be able to be controlled.
Overall in this
essay he talks about human nature and the evils that come along with it and how
he restrains from his own will in a calm and sensible way that human nature
doesn’t naturally allow us to do. In explaining his beliefs he references the
Bible, philosophers, and writers.
Lame- disabled so
that movement, especially walking, is difficult or impossible.
- He states here
that he lets his mind wander all the time which deduces stream of
consciousness. Then he goes into how people point out facts without reasons
behind them for being true.
- He goes onto
explain that it is human nature for even facts to be questioned because not
everybody who relays information onto another person knows where the truth or
story first took place. People keep on relaying the information they heard onto
other people because it is natural to feed into these so called facts that
along the way could have exaggerated a little
bit to make what has been told more interesting. We as humans have a natural
tendency to twist the truth to make it more appealing.
- He elaborates
on the local witches and how so many people believe that they are real because
it is easier for them to believe things that are unknown to them and that more
of the majority believes than the minority. While he believes in God and
doesn’t believe in these false pretenses. People are afraid to stand alone in
something so they rather ride the bandwagon and become involved with a belief
that is more interesting.
- Was a saying
applied to both male and females and lame references crippled body parts that didn’t
function properly. He states that he got the most pleasure from a deformed
woman but was very charming. It is famous ancient saying that applied to Venus
Pages 1206-1269
-Desire for knowledge is most natural
*Collaborated with: Haley Stowe, Haley Kestler, Megan Stevens, Imanie Patel, Elizabeth Smith, Victoria Tonascia, Judith Lee, Shailynn Joseph, Sierra Sanchez, and Hannah Hurd
-Use experience when reason fails
-Have to recognize differences and variety which comes with experience
-Allude to story of Delphi and picking which egg went to which hen (important)
-Allude to Perrozet and ability to decipher cards
-Being similar doesn’t make people “one” as much as being different make people “other” (nature favors)
-No relationship between actions and fixed unchanging laws
-Uses rhetorical questions
-Our laws are too entangled and complicated
-Favors simplicity and nature
-Lawyers are example of bad laws (spread us thin and increase doubts)
-Man is ironic because gets caught in own works/mess
-Reference to Aesop and of licking path in river and drowns
-Create pictures with descriptions to help reader understand
-Concept of highest achieving man having climbed one more step than predecessor. Should he be praised?
-Laws turn us against each other and we fear what it can make of us. Stripped of humanity
-Run from someone who is stabbed for fear of questioning
-Ironic: sentences more criminal than actual crime
-Growth and continual learning is key to mind and powers
-Have to learn abut yourself before you can learn about something else: endless wisdom and experience, shows how much left to still learn
-Trust Socrates because same philosophy as Montaigne and wise
-Be blunt and take criticism with grain of salt which will release love
-Example of experience in medical profession; only trust dr who have has illness they are trying to cure
-If know yourself then don’t need a doctor because know what hurts you and helps you: experience
-Pleasure is acceptable but wrong to get pulled from habits in which medicine and illness do
-Life is suffering so learn to deal with it(everyone suffers not only one person)
-Describes in great detail the experience of painful illness (possibly kidney stones?)
*Collaborated with: Haley Stowe, Haley Kestler, Megan Stevens, Imanie Patel, Elizabeth Smith, Victoria Tonascia, Judith Lee, Shailynn Joseph, Sierra Sanchez, and Hannah Hurd
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