Thursday, August 21, 2014

Online Beowulf Notes

Prologue
-A King named Scyld the Scefing was a wealthy man who was looked up to by the people of his town.
-Nobody challenged him, he was better than everyone else
-Had a son and named him Beowulf.
-Son was looked up to and was gernerous to all the people of the town. 
-Ship created to hold dead body, very wealthy items, 
-Description of armor and expensive weapons.
-Ship sent to sea, talk about a flood
-Poeple mourn for the death of the child.

Chapter 1
-A new peson came to the thrown named Healfdean. 
-Was a strong leader
-Had four children Heorogar, Hrothgar, Halga, one not living 
-Heorogar was known for his bravery on the battle field.
-A hall was built in his honor 
-Creates an award called Heorot
-Talks about a banquet and a fued between father-in-law and father over wealth. 
-Something of evil comes from "moor-land" to hurt the happiness 
- Cain awakens (evil creature) to ruin the fun. 

Chapter 2 
Went to house and found group of people mourning the death of a person 
The next morning Grendel found out his servant of 12 years was murdered
That night Grendel looked for the person who killed his servant and was determined to get his revenge
The murder wasn't hard to find and Grendel found who he thought killed his servant
There was another person continuing to murder people ruthlessly 
People said he still lurked the "moorlands" but nobody said where this place was because they were so afraid 
People prayed that they wouldn't be killed by this person but also prayed he would be forgiven by god 

Chapter 3 
Grendel seen as a hero and people thought his valor should be recognized by the king 
Grendel chosen to lead a group of 14 men (called the Geats) to sea 
He and his men found the place they were sailing to - Danes 
Get off boat armed with weapons and shields 
Met by a warden (" scylding clansman") on horseback that was armed 
Warden explains that his job is to protect the people of Danes from sailors who land there
He also explains he had never seen people come there and be so obvious that they were warriors
Warden tells them that he is praying for them on their voyage 

Chapter 4:
-the warrior (seafarer) leader claims he is the son of Ecgtheow who's widely known and honored by many
-the warrior got wind of the "monster" that tortures and haunts the Danes and demands that he and his men attempt to defeat this "scathing", "dark ill-doer" monster 
-agreeing with the plan, his men marched to the village/palace in which Hrothgar loved
-some men were assigned to gaurd the boat and escort the others to the palace, protecting the boat from their foes; "gaurd it kept o'er the man of war..." 
-the men can see the shimmery, glistening, gold palace from afar
-the men who were assigned to gaurd the boat and also escort the other men then return to the boat where they spend their time being on the look out

Chapter 5:
-the men, while marching, observe the shiny, well-decorated streets and atmosphere of Heorot
-the men were approached by a proud, curious warrior who stopped the men and asked what their purpose of arrival was
-Beowulf, the leader of the men, and Wulfgar(the warrior described above) discuss the matters. Wulfgar directs the leader and his men to the throne of Hrothgar
-Wulfgar asks Hrothgar to speak to the men and exclaims that Beowulf appears to be a strong, firm leader; "In weeds of the warrior worthy they, methinks, of our liking, their leader most surely, a hero that hither his henchmen has led." 

Chapter Six 
-Hrothgar is talking of Beowolf and only legends have been told (like rumors in today’s world) of how strong and great Beowolf is
-They thank god (grateful) for having him send Beowolf to relive them of Grendel and his destruction
-Grateful for someone/thing that they haven’t even met yet, they just know rumors and stories about.
-Like society today when we want to ay someone for their service but really we should just be grateful for their service and sacrifice to be there rather than having to pay them to make ourselves feel better about “hassling them” heros don’t get hassled, they just go out and do because that’s their “job”
-People get mad about Beowolf not taking the money and gold but why should he? He did a good deed and shouldn’t it just be left to that?
-Beowolf gets message that Hrothgar will accept him and his kin in his own kingdom for Beowolf’s bravery
-Beolwolf replies by giving story of his own battles and how he came to be known as a strong man. He fought animals and his foes, many at a time, for his people (the Geats) and to avenge them (symbol of hero)
-Beowolf knows his duty, in specific to defeating Grendel, and knows that he must use only himself and no other armor knowledgeable of situation and knows what needs to be done. Doesn’t put brawn over brains
-He knows he might die in battle and respects the “rules” of battle and lets his family know that if he is to die in battle, they shouldn’t worry about burying him properly.
-Practical but still with hope that he will win the battle with faith

Chapter Seven
-Hrothgar retells story of brother’s, Heorogar, death.
-Killed by war between Wylfings and -Scyldings over money and gold
Shows destruction of materialistic world and consequences of it
-Revenge Hrothgar wants. Passionate
-Sit to eat after this gruesome story, shows culture and how they take death as a apart of life but then want revenge for wrongful deaths as do we in today’s world

Chapter 8
-Enferth questioned Beowolf’s ability to actually fight Grendel and told of story where Beowolf and “rival”        -Breca swam the seas together and then Breca got out of the sees unharmed but he worries that           -Beowolf is not strong like Breca.
-Questioning of strength is key in hero battle/adventure because it makes the hero think about his/her strength and if they really can achieve their goal
-Also gives background to Beowolf and adventures
-Questions that Beowolf will do anything without really thinking about it or consequences
-Beowolf reinforces that he is ready and states that he was a child and didn’t know better but he did bring swords for protection
-He stayed by Breca until the very end until it was impossible to stay together because of the seas tearing them apart
-Beowolf defeated the beast of the sea and that shows give evidence behind why he is worthy of fighting Grendel
-He supports this accusation on inadequacy and backs up his point with evidence as seen in today’s culture with giving effective opinions and if you want people to believe you then you give them reasons to
-He proves himself time and time again which is what a hero has to do because the people are putting their faith into him and they want credibility 

Chapter 9:
-Beowulf encounters evil sea monsters that make him feel threatened. So he kills them with his sword. He kills nine of them and they will never bother the sailors again. This is when he was separated from Breca. Reminds me of Moby Dick in a sense.
-He fought a difficult battle and the tides ended up taking him to the land of the Fins.
-Breca was on of Beowulf’s closest kin, but he left Beowulf in the sea where he had to fight giants on his own, but Beowulf doesn’t wish war with him. Beowulf believes that his bad will come to him.
-Grendel is the son of Ecglaf. Grendel was very jealous of Hrothgar so he brought him humiliation. Now Grendel would “rot in hell”. (Dante’s Inferno)
-Beowulf fears no feud with the Danish; he will fight, murder and eat with them and the next day finds out the strength of the Geats.
-Beowulf will fight with them and Hrothgar, jewel-giver, is pleased with his will to fight. The queen snickers at this but still continues to wear her gold and carried the cup of the hall.
-The queen walked around the hall, first giving the king a drink (Hrothgar), and then giving the rest a drink. She was so happy that Beowulf had committed to fight with the Geats and if he didn’t help win the battle he would die in the process.
-The queen thanked the lord for her Savior, Beowulf.
-The son of Healfdene wants to get to bed, but speaks with Beowulf before he goes. They speak of the hopeful glory for the battle the next morning. Beowulf will remain in the hall bequeathing, or giving the power over to him. Healfdene’s son would obtain the power over the hall, which was called Heorot Hall, for the night. 

Chapter 10
-Hrothgar and Wealhtheow, the queen, go to bed, but have a guard watch their room in order to prevent the monster from getting to them.     -The monster being Grendel
-Beowulf retires for the night and has a guard watch his armor, but he challenges the monster to a battle without armor or weapons. He says the gods will decide who is right.
-Everyone laid down to rest not fearing of dying or not returning home the next day. Although many people had not made it back, they had no worries.
-Metaphor of one man being different than the rest to god ruling over man-kind. Was Beowulf starting to earn the reputation of a god?
Beowulf was the only man to lie awake looking at the wandering shadow in the hall. Beowulf could only think of the upcoming battle and would not sleep.
 








Text Book Beowulf Notes (Pgs 31-60)

-Tristia had moved from her mother country, Dardanian Troy, when it was attacked by the Grecian Army.
  -Now in the Pontus, feels like the days go by like years 
-Despises the common theme of death races (referring to gladiator games and/or the continuous war between the Romans and their enemies)
-Feels like a barbarian not being able to communicate with people of the new land, had to use body language
-Was exiled from Rome
-"Injured the power of Caesar the god," in result was sent to assimilate with the Scythian race as a punishment
  -Believes she deserved to be exiled but not to such a city
Far Corners of Earth by Tu Fu translated by David Hinton
-Describes a shift from the Chiang-han mountains where clouds begin to hover over to "a new waste of highway." Gradual decline in mood.
from Beowulf
-portrays the Anglo-Saxon culture of eighth century Britain
-Beowulf: sword-wielding slayer of monsters, upholder of the right, warrior-chieftain
-Takes place in sixth century Scandinavia, speaks Old English
-Beowulf seeks to help the Danish King Hrothgar in fighting the swampland monster, Grendel. 
-first of the three mortal battles
-Scops often told long narrative poems by mouth in Anglo-Saxon England which resulted in it's change and growth.           -finally written down in eleventh century
-main themes: bravery, loyalty, heroism
-The Electronic Beowulf Project revived the burnt original manuscripts of Beowulf.
- Higlac was the king of the Geats and Beowulf's feudal lord and uncle as well as a very strong man
- Higlac heard that Grendel violently forced and demanded a boat to be fitted out for him to go see Higlac
- Beowulf chose the mightiest, bravest, and best men of the Geats he could find to accompany him on his journey to Hrothgar (14 men total)
- He knew the sea would lead them straight to that distant, Danish shore
- They sailed their boat and arrived fully dressed in mail with the best armor and uninvited
- Hrothgar's lieutenant met them on the shore, demanding to know who they were and why they came unannounced
- He asked Beowulf to immediately explicate their reason for their visit before they take action against them
- Beowulf explained who they were and that they were there to hunt Grendel and protect the people and their King from the monster
- The mounted officer believed their words and that he and his men would guard their ship and protect it, saying that any warriors who battle Grendel successfully should go home bearing their love
- Once Beowulf and his men arrived at Herot, they were called in to see the King
- Beowulf arose and went to meet Hrothgar with some of his men, ordering a few to remain behind with their weapons
Beowulf and his men arrive at Herot and are called to see the King 
-Beowulf ordered some of his men to stay with their weapons, while he took others and himself "into Hrothgar's Presence"
-Beowulf describes himself to the kind to make him seem more favorable, by saying things like "They have seen my strength for themselves, Have watched me ride form the darkest of war, Dripping with my enemies' blood."
-Beowulf over does it on the compliments to the king then asks for the kings permission to "purge all evil from this hall" (including Grendal, who Beowulf is willing to go into great battle against) Beowulf is willing to die for his cause and exaggeratedly says so. 
The Battle with Grendel 
-Grendal came from the marsh and journeyed to Herot and was met harshly with Herot being so firmly defended. 
-Grendal stormed through the doors quickly, saw the young and sleepy soldiers lining the halls, grabbed one and killed him, snapping shit and drinking the blood. 
-Grendal clutched Beowulf but was suprised by his strength and attack. Grendal's first reaction was to run but Beowulf didn't let him go. 
-Beowulf and Grendal battled violently. Herot shook and trembled, it was built to only come down in fire but the battle was a much great force. 
-He was the strongest man, Beowulf was going to kill the "monster"
-Beowulf's men woke up to Beowulf fighting Grendel and were ready to fight, if needed; they were courageous, but Grendel was pretty indestructible against them and he could easily beat them all
-But, he(Grendel) was now declining, dying, and had been defeated
His shoulder bone broke, a sign of the battle being over
-Beowulf won "glory, Grendel escaped" to his den though, to die a slow and miserable death
-Beowulf was very prod, the Danes were happy and his accomplishments were listed; he ended Hrothgar's people's problems
-Beowulf hung Grendel's "arm, claw, shoulder and all" on the rafters; it was basically a trophy of the victory and proof of the win
-The king is talking the whole time
peasants in fields saw female and male creatures and told the king's wise men
-Grendel they named the man one, no one knows if there were any before them or any other creatures like them
-The creatures lived in a secret wolf den with rocks and a waterfall to an underground lake (my visual interpretation of the text) It's very dark, roots hanging from the top, no one knows how deep
-The king wants Beowulf to kill the mother, Beowulf is his only help and hope of "being saved", he will reward him with gold and treasure for winning
-(Beowulf is speaking to the men) To Hrothgar, if he(Beowulf) should die during battle, he wants Hrothgar to be "Father and protector" of his comrades. He wants Higlac to have the things Hrothgar gave him. To Unferth, who questioned his bravery before the Grendel battle, he leaves his "famous old sword" <symbolic value
-He jumped into the lake without others responding
-Sank for "hours" before reaching the bottom
-Grendel's mother saw him, her "welcome" was trying to kill him, but his armor was too strong to penetrate
-She carried him to her home, he couldn't get out his weapon
the fight brought other monsters swimming to see
-She brought him into her home which nothing could attack them in
-He attacked her but realized he couldn't hurt her
-They continue to fight, and she draws a blade on him, her only son, but she hit his armor and he was unharmed
-He then struck her across the neck and rejoiced at her death
-He then picked up his sword and went to find Grendel but found him dead
-Beowulf then left taking nothing but Grendels head and the jeweled sword
-The Geats rejoiced when Beowulf returned
-They then gifted the Danes with Grendel's head
-Beowulf honored by Hrothgar
-He becomes king
rules Greatland for 50 years
-Dragon comes into kingdom when -Beowulf is an old man
he decided to slay the beast 
before battle, tells his men about the royal house wanted to fight without any armor, then realizes the dragon breathes fire believes he's the only man who can do it. 
-wants to claim dragon's riches
dragon attacked with breathe first
his armor held up, then started to melt
-first time in life, he fought with fate against him
-his sword broke in two, but got a stab into the dragon
-Beowulf fell back, dragon attacked, breathed fire at him, he suffered
once king, now a beaten warrior 
all other men fleed without helping him
-only man that stayed was Wiglaf, Wexstan's son
-Wiglaf's mind was made up, he raised his shield and drew his sword
Onela got armor from the king. 
Wexstan kept the shining gifts for his son but was killed. 
-His heir, Wiglaf, inherited the treasures. He went into war with Beowulf and was strong and courageous. 
-Wiglaf brought the soldiers together, telling them Beowulf had given them the swords, it is time to defend with them. It is better for them to suffer than to cause agony to the king. He yelled encouragement and went into the dragons deadly flames. 
-Wiglaf and Beowulf kill the dragon. -The Beowulf is wounded and is dying. He asks Wiglaf to retrieve the treasure the dragon was protecting.  -Wiglaf goes into the cave. Finds lots of gold and sparkling things. He grabs as much as he can and takes it to the dying king. 
-Beowulf says he gave his life for this treasure, use it to help and lead his people. 
-He said he wanted to be burned high at the waters edge so sailors could see this tower and call it Beowulf's tower. He gave all he had to Wiglaf and said their family had been swept away as warriors and now he was following them. Then he died. 
-Wiglaf is mad at those who deserted Beowulf
-The Geats burn his body. 
-The Geats built the tall and strong tower Beowulf requested, his ashes sealed inside. All the treasure was left at his grave deep in the ground.  -Twelve men road around the tower telling of their stories and sadness and of his greatness. They said there was not other king worthy of such praise. 








Tuesday, August 19, 2014

MY OPINION ISNT A RIGHT

Socratic Seminar Notes
-I have no right to my opinion... At all
-I can now accept that. 
-So thank you Dr. Preston for enlightening me on this wonderful learning experience. 
-Debating with you was delightful. 

From Legend to History Notes

The Conquest of Britain
- Britons and Gaels (both Celts) invaded the British isles; The Celts were farmers and hunters organized into clans 
- The next conquerors were the Romans, their rule later for more than 300 years
- Then the Angle Saxons invaded and took over most of today's England

The Coming of Christianity
- Romans accepted Christianity and the Celtic Christian Church continued to thrive after the Celts fled

Danish Invasion
- The Danish attacked the monasteries and the English were forced to accept their rule 

The Reign of the Plantagenets
-King Henry founded the royal house of Plantagenet, but argued extensively with the Church 

The Magna Carta
- The king promised not to tax land without first meeting with the barons 
- Restricted royal power 

Lancaster, Yorks, and Tudors
- The House of Lancaster replaced the Plantagenets on the throne

Decline of the Feudal System
- The social structure of England was changing; a massive labor shortage increased the value of a peasants work


Monday, August 18, 2014

VOCABULARY #1

Adumbrate- to overshadow or cover up "Her positivity was adumbrated by his negative thoughts."
Apotheosis- the highest point in development "His award winning novel was the apotheosis of his career"
Ascetic- characterized by the practice of severe self discipline "She lived an ascetic life of prayer and fasting."
Bauble- a small, showy trinket "A traveler's house is filled with baubles from around the world."
Beguile- to charm or enchant someone negatively "Liars beguile people in order to get you to believe them."
Burgeon- to flourish "The premature baby began to burgeon as time passed."
Complement- a thing that completes or brings to perfection "The boy complemented his girlfriend perfectly."
Contumacious- stubbornly disobedient to authority "He contumaciously ignored my requests."
Curmudgeon- a bad tempered person "Then man landed himself in jail for being a curmudgeon."
Didactic- to teach in a patronizing way "Mrs. Silva taught in very slow paced, didactic lectures."
Disingenuous- not sincere, typically by pretending to know less than one does "That innocent, teary eyed look is just part of her disingenuous act."
Exculpate- show or declare that someone is not guilty of wrong doing  "The article exculpated the mayor."
Faux pas- embarrassing act or remark in a social situation "The girl committed a faux pas, causing her friends to laugh."
Fulminate- to express vehement protest "We all fulminated against the new closed campus policy."
Fustian- pompous or pretentious speech or writing "Teachers often talk with great fustian and authority."
Hauteur- disdainful pride "The egotistic prince was filled with hauteur."
Inhibit- hinder, restrain, or prevent "Water polo inhibits my ability to get a job."
Jeremiad- a list of complaints "I wrote my awful boss a jeremiad."
Opportunist- a person who used an opportunity to gain an advantage "Business owners are often opportunists."
Unconscionable- no right or reasonable "The father was disappointed in his sons unconscionable conduct."

REFLECTIONS ON WEEK 1

1. The only thing that would interfere with my performance in the class would be my schedule. Playing Water Polo consumes a lot of my time and I'm concerned that it will take away from time that could be spent doing other things. Other than that, I don't predict any other complications. 
2. My best ever learning experience wasnt academic at all. It was when I learned how to play water polo. I had a lot of people learning with me and I realized that I have to do little things a thousand times before every actually improving. 
3. I'm most concerned about the frustration caused by my blog being stupid, but I'm really looking forward to being enlightened on how to troubleshoot whatever's wrong with it. I think this class will really help me prepare for college. 

Sunday, August 17, 2014

Practice AP Exam

Easy Questions: 3, 4, 15, 20, 21, 26, 29, 31, 50, 58
- A lot of these were vocab or they came straight out of the text

Hard Questions: 7-10, 16, 22-25, 32, 48, 57-59, 61
-On these questions I felt multiple answers could be right or wrong which makes it hard to make a logical guess 

Question 1
Intro: introduce author and text, elaborate on prompt, give thesis
Body 1: compare leisures and give and example
Body 2: expand on the techniques used and give examples 
Conclusion: restate thesis and main points, close with a summarization of main point 

Question 2
Intro: introduce author and text, elaborate on prompt, supply thesis
Body 1: focused on tradition within Salem and give example
Body 2: focused on changes within Salem and give example
Conclusion: restate thesis and main points, close with a summarization of main point 

Answers 
1-C
2-A
3-C
4-E
5-AD
6-D
7-BE
8-B
9-CE
10-C
11-D
12-AB
13-B
14-C
15-A
16-DB
17-C
18-E
19-A
20-B
21-E
22-DE
23-E
24-CA
25-EC
26-E
27-D
28-AC
29-A
30-B
31-D
32-DB
47-B
48-CA
49-C
50-D
51-C
52-B
53-CE
54-B
55-EA
56-B
57-AC
58-ED
59-AE
60-B
61-CA

Montaigne/Austen Essay

"What goes on inside is just too fast and huge and all interconnected for words to do more than barely sketch the outlines of at most one tiny little part of it at any given instant." David Foster Wallace wrote this in his 2001 story "Good Old Neon". Wallace is referring to what goes on within the human mind, much like Montaigne does when he discusses his own ideas on the connection and chaos in human behavior. Jane Austen also portrays this interconnectedness through her novel "Pride and Prejudice". 

Montaigne writes extensively on human tendencies and how the brain works. In his essays he generally starts off on one topic and allows that topic to grow, expand, and connect into an array of other topics. He is able to write about the nature of humans, habits, learning, relationships, etc through connected randomness. Montaigne uses stream of consciousness to focus on one topic and then flow smoothly into an entirely different subject, so different that their differences make them connect together. 

Much like Montaigne, Jane Austen portrays interconnectedness in her novel "Pride and Prejudice". The story is told through both the eyes of Elizabeth, who tells of her own thoughts and opinions, and also an outside narrator who speaks solely of action. By doing this Jane Austen is able to make a huge list of completely different characters all connect back to each other, and it also causes the novel to be turned into slight chaos due to the fact that the reader is never entirely sure as to the situation. Each event in the story is based on one prior that's builds in order to help emphasize the blossoming relationship between Elizabeth and Darcy. The interconnectedness portrayed in Pride and Prejudice proves how small the world truly is and that it only seems large from a single viewpoint. 

David Foster Wallace's statement on interconnectedness and human tendencies are very relate able to what is portrayed in Montaigne's and  Austen's own writing. Human interconnection is made possible and noticeable when looked at through a larger lens. When one is able to look at the world through a larger lens it is easier to see what all three authors were trying to portray; that the world is a lot more interconnected than we think, and that we are all more alike than we think ourselves to be. 

Tuesday, August 12, 2014

ESSAY #1

"The state of being barred from one's native country":  the dictionary definition of 'exile'. While the dictionary defines it in a more practical sense, it is better recognized as a "sadness that cannot be surmounted". Although that is true it is also very commonly both alienating and enriching. In literature, alienating and enriching is how it is most commonly portrayed: as a terrible circumstance with a rather positively life changing outcome. In Barbara Kingslover’s novel “The Poisonwood Bible”, Nathan Price moves his entire family to The Congo in hopes of saving souls. Although Nathan’s intentions were respectable, he manages to put his entire family’s lives on the line and change their futures forever.


Being uprooted from the only home and life you have ever known can have many consequences; some good, but others bad. Like any experience being exiled has many benefits and positives in the long run, but as for the rest, that’s simply a lesson. In regards to the Price family their experience with being uprooted from their “home”. Rachael Price is the character throughout the novel that we see the most change in. At the beginning of the story she craves all of the things from home that she lacks in the Congo, and this alienates her from the rest of her family and neighbors. She denies herself that chance of assimilating as easily as the rest of her family did, which in the long run alienates her from the rest of the community that she’s living in.


As Rachael’s character develops she sees the light in her present situation and changes entirely from the character that we once knew her to be. She realizes that to not only survive, but to thrive in the Congo she has to come to peace with their situation and take on some of the family responsibility. As she starts to work to put food on the table for her family she grows to respect the people of the Congo and decides to remain living in Africa. She marries a man that she had met in Africa, and after he dies she ends up running his family hotel.


At the beginning of Kingslover’s novel Rachael Price is an alienated teen who longs to return to the only home that she has ever known. By the end of the novel, she has developed into an assimilated American who has made her home in the Congo. Through her struggles and triumph she discovers what ‘home’ really means to her and decides not to return to America. Rachael Price begins as an alienated teen being exiled to The Congo, and develops into an enriched women who makes her home in Africa.
          

POETRY #1

1. This commercial by Levis uses a poem called "The Laughing Heart" by Charles Buckowski
2. The majority of the time corporations try to suck buyers in and trap them within their own materialistic society. This would make "The Laughing Heart" an ironic poem to use for this commercial because it talks about breaking free while breaking free is the exact thing that corporations are trying to prevent
3. Charles Buckowski had a troubled childhood, from moving to America from Germany as a boy, having an unemployed father, and often witnessing his father beat his mother, his past is greatly present in his writing. In much of it he depicts experiences and people that he has come across and in this particular poem he reflects on how he made it through the tough patches of his life and what he has learned from it all.
4. To find the information for number one I just plugged a line of the poem into Google which gave me the title and author. From there I went on to Google Charles Buckowski and learned more about his background.

Monday, August 11, 2014

The BIG Questions

Why do people question everything that happens in life?
Why do people have a need to be remembered after death?
What does it mean to be in control?

Future Planning

Major: Biology with an emphasis in Marine Biology


Universities
  1. University of Hawaii
  2. Hawaii Pacific University
  3. UCSB
  4. SDSU
  5. UCSD
  6. CSU Channel Islands
  7. Sonoma State
  8. CSU Long Beach
  9. Humboldt State
  10. CSU Monterey Bay
Scholarships: Instead of posting single scholarships I will post links to a variety of different sites I have come across that will match you with scholarships personalized to you.
  1. http://www.fastweb.com/
  2. http://www.smarterschooling.com/search.php?q=scholarships+college&ch=3108
  3. https://www.scholarships.com/

Essays of Michel de Montaigne

Pages 1-228
-tells of the death of La Boetie; Montaigne never leaves his side during death, knows La Boetie's wishes and thoughts; he thanked Montaigne prior to death and also read his own will out loud; La Boetie called for Montaigne with his last breath
-disagrees with views of "Natural Theology"
-frowns upon the hands of man destroying nature for his own selfish wants
-Talks about how he learned about the kind of man he wants to be through the death of his friend
-Speaks extensively of self worth 
-Feels his service in government is unnecessary and may hinder his own life
-A religious man who believes the will of God follows you even after death
-Believes the soul will turn bad if no force opposed the negative
-Asks rhetorical questions throughout the essays
-Often uses nature to portray moral teachings
-speaks of women needing to be ornate and eloquent in all that they do
-beliefs manners and etiquette rule a society
-thinks that to study philosophy is to learn to die
-Talks about how for one man to gain something, another must lose something else
-Eludes to far fetched ideas
-References Aristotle as a teacher of his
-concludes that nobody can wholeheartedly love two people. Instead, can only love parts of many people or a whole of a single person
 Pages 229-422
-The opinions of the ancients agreed that it is time to die when there is more ill than good in the world and to preserve their torture goes against the very rules of nature
-St. Hilary murdered his only daughter, Abra, because she was sought in marriage by the greatest nobleman of the country and was hypnotized by all the wealth and jewels promised to her
-His wife agreed with his actions so much that he killed her as well and her death was “embraced with singular and mutual content.”
-That Fortune is Oftentimes Observed to Act by the Rules of Reason
-The Duke of Valentinois attempted to poison Adrian, Cardinal of Corneto, with a bottle of wine that was given to the butler to keep safe. He was confident that they had not meddled with the poisoned wine so he took a cup too, but it was indeed and he passed shortly after
-One man had an imposthume in his breast and wanted to rid himself of the pain by dying, so he entered into battle and was wounded so thoroughly that the imposthume was broken and he was cured
-A painted was once so frustrated with his work that he threw a sponge at it, hoping to destroy and deface it, but ultimately made the painting better and it became his signature style
-The author personifies fortune and describes it as being almost human-like in its presence and the way that it affects others and this book even states that fortune has more judgment than we; this chapter is basically describing both good and bad karma
contemptible: despicable - polity: a state or other organized community or body
-His father told him of a plan to have a place in every city that specified in repairs and was entered by an officer appointed for that purpose
-He states that we were sufficiently clothed and covered to defend ourselves from the injuries of weather, like animals and plants, but that our artificial fashions have destroyed them
-He declares that if we needed to wear “petticoats and breeches” to survive, then nature would have provided us with thicker skin (like the soles of our feet)
-Plato advised for the health of the whole body not to wear anything on your head and feet
-Used Alexander from Greece as being sensible and the King of Mexico as being superfluous as he changed his clothes four times a day and never used the same dishes twice, essentially using them as foils for one another
continence: self-restraint or abstinence -inimitable: surpassing imitation
-States that the age in which we live has grown so stupid and that the very imagination of virtue is defective and appears only to be college jargon
-Plutarch complains that Cato died because of his fear of Caesar and that Cato was in truth a pattern that nature chose out to show to what height human virtue and constancy could arrive
-States that “we have far more poets than judges and interpreters of poetry; it is easier to write it than to understand it.” Why do you think this is?
-States that children and their innocence laugh and cry at the same thing, why do you think the majority of adults have lost nature?
-Uses a simile to compare how the sun darts new rays so thick upon another that we can't perceive the intermission to how the soul darts out its passions imperceptibly
countenance: appearance, especially the look or expression of the face
pretermit: to leave undone; neglect; omit -palliate: to alleviate, mitigate
-States that we should either imitate the vicious or hate them and that both are dangerous things because there are many when you resemble or to hate them because they are unresembling to ourselves. Do you think he would allow another attitude to be considered toward the vicious?
-Declares that it is not enough to move to a remote region away from the public, but one must sequester and come again to himself to remove himself from the conditions that have taken possession of his soul.
-Says that “Our disease lies in the mind, which cannot escape from itself; and therefore is to be called home and confined within itself: that is true solitude...”
-States men are tormented by their opinion of things rather than the things themselves
-In the kingdom of Narsinga, the wives of priests are buried alive with their husband's bodies, all other wives are burnt at their husband's funeral, which the joyfully undergo. When the king dies, his wives, concubines, officers, domestic servants, and anyone else who works for him are all burnt alive with him and see it as a singular honor to accompany their master in death.
peradventure: chance, doubt, uncertainty, or surmise -indigence: poverty
-Plato believes that pain and pleasure knit and ally the soul together but Montaigne believes that they separate and disunite them
cicatrice: new tissue that forms over a wound and them contracts into a scar
aspers: former silver coins of Turkey and Egypt
-The Turks give themselves great scars in honor of their mistresses, it is not explicated in the text and it makes one wonder why they feel such pride
-States that honor is so deeply rooted in all of us that he does not believe anyone was ever successful from discharging themselves from it
-Also declares that even after you have come up with your best arguments you still have little power to resist it as it is not vanity but rather inscribed into our DNA
-Personal honor and respect have a tendency to make the brain and heart go numb as it extricates morals, values, and feelings from the situation
cudgel: a short, thick stick used as a weapon; a club- In giving your “estimate of people” you judge them on their clothing and other possessions, rather than their legs, feet, arms, etc. which are in fact of greater use and value to them
disparity: lack of similarity or equality -rabble: a disorderly crowd; a mob
Compares kings and their behavior in public as opposed to their behavior in their castles to that of the present day actors who portray them to who the actors really are outside of the theater
caprice: a sudden, unpredictable change -apoplexy: a hemorrhage into an organ cavity
“Tis fruition, and not possession, that renders us happy.” Why does attaining such a desirable object bear us more joy than actually owning the object?
States that the mind and body are in disorder when they serve the external conveniences
Montaigne believes that it is much more easy and pleasant to follow than it is to lead, which I believe to be true at times as well, but in contrast being a successful leader is much more rewarding and fulfilling than being an obedient follower, which are you?
He also says that it is great satisfaction having to only answer to yourself and one path to walk in, but do you think some people naturally desire to serve and help others, essentially be followers, or do you think that it is acquired over time? People say that some people are just natural leaders, do you agree with this or do you think they become a leader over time as well? Based on Montaigne's perspective, what would you categorize him to be?
tumultuous: raising a great clatter and commotion; highly agitated, as the mind or emotions
Aristo defined rhetoric as “a science to persuade the people” whereas Plato and Socratoes described it as “an art to flatter and deceive.” Who do you think Montaigne would have agreed with? What are some popular examples of rhetoric today?
infirm: not firm, solid, or strong -sprightly: animated, vivacious, lively
This chapter was about our never-ending thirst for for new things and how once we attain something we wished for, we immediately want something new. Why is it that we always want something that we can't or don't have? Why do we long for material objects rather than enjoy the people and relationships that truly matter to us? It really makes you wonder why it appears that everyone wants
Pages 423-619
-A body cannot reach bigger physical heights or stretches without being called to do so by God
-Dying is most noteworthy thing in mans life, though it's hard for man to believe his last hour has come. 
-The higher we believe our importance is, the more we believe we cannot die. So rare and perfect, the world would be unable to function without us there. 
-Emperors would prolong prisoners death through torture. 
-Suicides are planned but not always followed through by the person so it must be finished by someone else. 
-It is strange to have no fear of death and want to taste it
-If we had to choose between food or drink, we would die of theist and hunger. 
-When it is difficult to do or get something it makes us prize things
-Leap over what is fixed in your path, to chase whatever runs away
-You are found more beautiful if their are difficulties and hazards to faced rather than those who are easy
-What is allowed has no charm: what is not allowed, we burn to do
-Defenses in home attract offenses. Where leaving door open protects it
-Glory may be won but not always earned
-Glory is not worth it if no one is looking
 -Glory is only worth it when someone can bring news back of your valor 
-Honor is found not in glory but in good deeds
-Even if I did not follow the right road for its rightness, I would still follow it because I have found from that experience that, at the end of the day, it is usually the happiest one and the most useful. 
-We are more concerned that our named be known rather than what is being said about it
-Those who dies in war are forgotten
-Through speech and thought, good people are distinguished from bad
-Over high opinion of our own self worth
-Greeting all with no regard to status has no meaning
-Some get pleasure from there writing, others don't
-When I read it over, I am ashamed to have written it, because even I who wrote it judge it worth erasing
-Men are judged on height, and without it they are given woman tasks. Not his face nor hair could make him beautiful
-Some men gamble all they have once they finally earn it
-Say what you think, if you pretend and lie it is wicked
-Sometimes we must tell someone our idea before it vanishes in our soul
-When you give your self little worth and admirance, it is hard for others to say worse than you have already divulged
-Many men consider themselves great, but it is those who value themselves the least who are never displeased with themselves
 -You can see so many people lying and insulting each other to the face, makes narrator proud to be honest person
-The Christian ruler did some good things of society like lowering taxes and honored his religion
-The kings could not do what they wished so they pretended to wish to do what they could
 Pages 620-887
- he recalls all that he's written up to this point (this was the ending
   before book 3)
- colic= abdominal pain, paroxysm=sudden attack of disease; he has a
   kidney stone
- he thinks it's kind of crazy that sperm can pass on not only physical
- he wonders how he has a kidney stone like his father did- not modern
   medicine or genetics yet
- "the art of medicine is built from examples and experience. So are my
- nothing can really be enjoyed without good health
- he talks about his ancestors refusing to use medicine and he doesn't 
- medicine for every little thing isn't good; he compares it to sorcery
   w/crazy ingredients
- he thinks doctors are concerned about their reputations and do more
- criticizes doctors' advice on healthy living, it's good to do this, 
- salubrious= healthful, wholesome\
- inimical= hostile/unfriendly; in opposition/adverse
- big change in tone- he says he has nothing against doctors, only
   against their art
- he calls doctors and lets them see him (WTF?!) total change since he'd
- he understands that there are arguments made for medicine and he
Pages 891-1003
-Montaigne's definition of useful, "what is profitable to a man or to his country and every sort of public and private interest."
-"what was useful for what was honourable."
-Nothing is useless; everything in Nature has a purpose and a place but it is sometimes diseased with malicious qualities (jealousy, vengeance, superstition...)
-Refers to himself as a "weak" who cannot take on the roles of "vigorous and less timorous citizens" (soldiers) who sacrifice their lives for their country
-Believes that authority should not abuse power but equitably use it for justice
-On the Emperor's order, the Romans must punish a pretender but could not legally forgo their mission, therefore they committed their duty "usefully" but not "honourably." 
a title or position
-Ignominy: public shame or disgrace
-Lists examples of an inferior betraying it's authority and the consequences behind it --a slave runs away from his or her master is hung as an example for other insurgents
-"The master flogs the pupil because he was willing to learn, and the guide flogs the blind man." The cruel reality of what we call justice.
-"We wrongfully adduce the honour and beauty of an activity from it's usefulness..."
-a soldier is 'honored' for killing his own brother during the Civil War fought against the same sided blood
-Montaigne states that "repenting consists not in regret but in denying the rightness of what one had formerly willed."
-Only repent in the presence of God.
-Symbolizes the world as a perennial see-saw with instability in it's realm
-people change whether it be from a sudden epiphany or a sudden gain of different attributes or aspects from life
-"... I rarely repent and that my conscience is happy with itself - not as the consciences of an angel... of a man"
-ties in the religious element that all men are sinners in the eyes of the Lord; no man is perfect
-Montaigne states that only you know yourself well enough to make a judgement on whether or not you are evil, no one else can because others can only surmise about you from your outside standards which does not reveal the true character
-society can only judge the outer shell of a person
-Alludes to Alexander the Great and Socrates, neither can replace the other, as one is a man of strength and the other of poetic expression.
-Nature vs nurture, breaking away from parental supervision and finding one's own form of expression
-A story about a peasant is told, his name Pincher. One day, he decides to become a thief to escape the poverty. He began growing vegetables on other men's land and in one night, would load all the produce on his back and sell it in the market. In his old age, he was a wealthy man as the money added up. He swore to compensate the victims he stole from but he does not repent on his actions as he would choose wealth over poverty any day.
-Condemning one's self and wishing to be reborn is not a form of repentance; repenting is being in harmony with one's self.
-Loving friendship, loving relationships with women, and reading books
-all three engage the whole man, soul and body; synonymous to honor and decent
-People should adapt to change to show more variety and flexibility like Cato who is the epitome of versatility.
-Exceptional friendship is difficult to find and should be hungered for.
-Montaigne expresses that discussion is the key to an intimate friendship whether it be one with depth or a casual conversation.
-States that love can come in forms of pleasure or a relationship, doesn't find intimate pleasure as a bad thing but describes love as dangerous
-shared intimacy with a prostitute and in result got syphilis
-The presence of a book alone should be comforting, one does not necessarily have to read a book to understand the pleasures of it.
-Introduces a flashback where Montaigne would spent time in his library as it oversaw his backyard, garden, and the majority of his house with a book in hand.
-Humans have the power to choose a good book but often do not select the "right" one. In a deeper meaning, people often are tempted into the wrong path when they have the power to choose which road to take.
-Diversion: an instance of turning something aside from its course
-Pain and grief cannot be easily cured but it can be diverted into a less agonizing scar; most people search for diversion to assuage their pain(s).
-military diversions often used in history to lure the enemy from their lands, political diversion also common but does not wish to explain it (Why?)
-Personal gain: Atalanta was a woman of outstanding beauty with whom many men wished to wed. -She proposed that any man who could beat her in a race could have her hand in marriage, but those who lost would be killed. Hippomenes, a possible suitor, prayed to the goddess of amorous passion who offered him beautiful golden apples. During his race against Atalanta, he dropped the diversion and she immediately stopped at it's beauty. He had won the race.
-Acceptance: Socrates was a man of wisdom who greeted death as an normal countenance. He had trained himself to accept the irrevocable death.

Pages 1004-1206
Will- the mental faculty by which one deliberately chooses or decides upon a course of action.
Restrain- to exhibit from doing, exhibiting, or expressing something.
- For someone to restrain their own will means for that person to make a choice and  to stop taking action on a certain subject or matter that may naturally occur for them to do without really thinking about it.
- He is saying in order for him to restrain from what human nature usually intends him to move towards, he exercises this emotion by reason and reflection in order to control this way of life.
- He says this to prove a point that the only reason people either choose to start an argument or get pulled into a specific course of action is to stay busy. It may not always be a person wanting to constantly be doing something but instead that person is just unable to stay still, so they choose to start a fight, or take action, or revolt because it is their will to do so.
- He explains that a man who doesn’t know his true duties and doesn’t practice them doesn’t live for himself and therefore will never truly be happy without a loving friendship not only between other people but more importantly himself.
- I disagree with this statement because the more passionate a person is about something the more likely they are to achieve it and win. He is trying to say that the better a person handles winning or losing in a situation, the game will be successfully played no matter what. If we really want something bad enough losing it won’t be an option we would find a way to successfully play out whatever situation we are put in. Even if we do by some chance lose it we would come to terms knowing that we tried all we can to ensure we wouldn’t. Knowing there wasn’t anything we could do, and then be able to move on from it.
- Here he is talking about a person’s emotions, that if a person cannot stop their emotions they won’t ever be able to chase them out. Once emotions have taken over it indulges the body into being shaken and vulnerable to weaknesses that can venture on deep within oneself and will never be able to be controlled.
Overall in this essay he talks about human nature and the evils that come along with it and how he restrains from his own will in a calm and sensible way that human nature doesn’t naturally allow us to do. In explaining his beliefs he references the Bible, philosophers, and writers.
Lame- disabled so that movement, especially walking, is difficult or impossible.
- He states here that he lets his mind wander all the time which deduces stream of consciousness. Then he goes into how people point out facts without reasons behind them for being true.
- He goes onto explain that it is human nature for even facts to be questioned because not everybody who relays information onto another person knows where the truth or story first took place. People keep on relaying the information they heard onto other people because it is natural to feed into these so called facts that along the way could have exaggerated a little  bit to make what has been told more interesting. We as humans have a natural tendency to twist the truth to make it more appealing.
- He elaborates on the local witches and how so many people believe that they are real because it is easier for them to believe things that are unknown to them and that more of the majority believes than the minority. While he believes in God and doesn’t believe in these false pretenses. People are afraid to stand alone in something so they rather ride the bandwagon and become involved with a belief that is more interesting.
- Was a saying applied to both male and females and lame references crippled body parts that didn’t function properly. He states that he got the most pleasure from a deformed woman but was very charming. It is famous ancient saying that applied to Venus
Pages 1206-1269
-Desire for knowledge is most natural
-Use experience when reason fails
-Have to recognize differences and variety which comes with experience
-Allude to story of Delphi and picking which egg went to which hen (important)
-Allude to Perrozet and ability to decipher cards
-Being similar doesn’t make people “one” as much as being different make people “other” (nature favors)
-No relationship between actions and fixed unchanging laws
-Uses rhetorical questions
-Our laws are too entangled and complicated
-Favors simplicity and nature
-Lawyers are example of bad laws (spread us thin and increase doubts)
-Man is ironic because gets caught in own works/mess
-Reference to Aesop and of licking path in river and drowns
-Create pictures with descriptions to help reader understand
-Concept of highest achieving man having climbed one more step than predecessor. Should he be praised?
-Laws turn us against each other and we fear what it can make of us. Stripped of humanity
-Run from someone who is stabbed for fear of questioning
-Ironic: sentences more criminal than actual crime
-Growth and continual learning is key to mind and powers
-Have to learn abut yourself before you can learn about something else: endless wisdom and experience, shows how much left to still learn
-Trust Socrates because same philosophy as Montaigne and wise
-Be blunt and take criticism with grain of salt which will release love
-Example of experience in medical profession; only trust dr who have has illness they are trying to cure
-If know yourself then don’t need a doctor because know what hurts you and helps you: experience
-Pleasure is acceptable but wrong to get pulled from habits in which medicine and illness do
-Life is suffering so learn to deal with it(everyone suffers not only one person)
-Describes in great detail the experience of painful illness (possibly kidney stones?)




 
*Collaborated with: Haley Stowe, Haley Kestler, Megan Stevens, Imanie Patel, Elizabeth Smith, Victoria Tonascia, Judith Lee, Shailynn Joseph, Sierra Sanchez, and Hannah Hurd
 




 
 
 
 
 

Sunday, August 10, 2014

Pride and Prejudice

Characters
Elizabeth Bennet - Protagonis and the second Bennett daughter. Is the most intelligent and sensible of the sisters. She is well read and quick-witted, with a sharp tongue. Her realization of Darcy’s essential goodness eventually triumphs over her initial dislike.
Darcy - A wealthy gentleman, the master of Pemberley, and the nephew of Lady Catherine de Bourgh. Though Darcy is intelligent and honest, his excess of pride causes him to look down on people. He learns to admire and love Elizabeth for her strong character.
Jane Bennet - The oldest Bennet sister. More reserved and gentle than Elizabeth. Really like Bingley
Charles Bingley - Darcy’s wealthy best friend. Bingley purchased Netherfield. He is a well-intentioned gentleman, whose easygoing nature contrasts with Darcy’s initially discourteous personality. He is blissfully uncaring about class differences.
Mr. Bennet - The father of the Bennet family, a gentleman of modest income with five unmarried daughters. Sarcastic. He often fails as a parent, preferring to withdraw from the marriage concerns.
Mrs. Bennet - Mr. Bennet’s wife, a foolish, noisy woman whose only goal in life is to see her daughters married. Often repels men from her daughters.
George Wickham - A handsome, fortune-hunting militia officer. Wickham’s good looks and charm attract Elizabeth but Darcy’s revelation about Wickham’s past pulls her away and simultaneously draws her closer to Darcy.
Lydia Bennet - The youngest sister. Gossipy, immature, and self-involved. Ends up running off with Wickham.
Mr. Collins - An idiotic clergyman who stands to inherit Mr. Bennet’s property. Snobbish
Miss Bingley - Bingley’s snobbish sister. Dislikes Elizabeth’s middle-class background. Her vain attempts to garner Darcy’s attention causes Darcy to admire Elizabeth’s self-possessed character even more.
Lady Catherine de Bourgh - A rich, bossy noblewoman; Mr. Collins’s patron and Darcy’s aunt. Sums up class snobbery, especially in her attempts to order the middle-class Elizabeth away from her well-bred nephew.
Mr. and Mrs. Gardiner - Mrs. Bennet’s brother and his wife. The Gardiners, caring, nurturing, and full of common sense, better parents to the Bennet daughters than Mr. Bennet and his wife.
Charlotte Lucas - Elizabeth’s dear friend. Pragmatic where Elizabeth is romantic, and also six years older than Elizabeth. Doesnt view love as the most vital component of a marriage. She is more interested in having a comfortable home. AcceptsMr. Collins' proposal.
Georgiana Darcy - Darcy’s sister. She is immensely pretty and shy. Plays piano.
Mary Bennet - The middle Bennet sister, bookish.

Catherine Bennet - The fourth Bennet sister. Like Lydia, she is girlishly enthralled with the soldiers.



Chapter 1-2
Charles Bingleys, (a wealthy young gentleman) arrival causes a great stir in the Bennet household. The Bennets have five unmarried daughters, and Mrs. Bennet is a foolish and fussy gossip. She sees Bingley’s arrival as an opportunity for one of the girls to find a wealthy husband. Mr. Bennet eventually meets with Mr. Bingley without the family knowing. When he reveals to his family they are overjoyed and excited.

Chapter 3-4
Mrs. Bennet and the girls question Mr. Bennet. A few days later, Mr. Bingley visits. The Bennets invite him to dinner, but he declines to go to London. He returns to Netherfield Park with his two sisters, his brother-in-law, and a friend named Darcy. Mr. Bingley and his guests go to a ball in Meryton. The Bennet sisters attend the ball with their mother. Jane dances twice with Bingley. Bingley tells Darcy that Jane is “the most beautiful creature” he has ever ever seen. Elizabeth overhears. Bingley suggests that Darcy dance with Elizabeth, but Darcy refuses thinking she isn't good enough. Elizabeth and entire neighborhood takes an immediate and understandable disliking to Darcy, because of Darcy’s comments and refusal to dance with anyone not rich and well bred. The Bennet women return to their house, where Mrs. Bennet tells her husband stories from the evening. Upstairs, Jane tells Elizabeth that she's surprised that Bingley danced with her twice, and Elizabeth replies that Jane is unaware of her own beauty. Elizabeth dislikes Bingleys sister.

Chapter 5-6
The Bennets’ neighbors are Sir William Lucas, his wife, and their children. Charlotte, their oldest daughter, is Elizabeth’s best friend. The morning after the ball, the women discuss the evening. They decide that Bingley considered Jane to be the prettiest of the girls. Elizabeth states that she will never dance with Darcy; everyone agrees that Darcy, hes too proud to be likable. Bingley’s sisters attempt to befriend Elizabeth and Jane. Bingley continues to pay attention to Jane, and Elizabeth thinks Jane is hiding her love for him. Elizabeth says it is better for a young woman to be patient until she is sure of her feelings; Charlotte disagrees, saying that it is best not to know too much about the faults of one’s future husband.Darcy finds himself attracted to Elizabeth. He begins listening to her conversations. Darcy tells Bingley’s sister that “Miss Elizabeth Bennet” is now the object of his admiration.

Chapter 7-8
Mr. Bennet’s property cannot be inherited by any of his daughters. Catherine and Lydia visit their mother’s sister, Mrs. Phillips, in Meryton. A note arrives inviting Jane to Netherfield Park for a day. Mrs. Bennet plans to send Jane by horse knowing that it will rain and that Jane will have to spend the night at Mr. Bingley’s house. Unfortunately, Jane gets soaked, falls ill, and is forced to stay at Netherfield. Elizabeth goes to visit her. When she arrives soaked and dirty, she is certain that the Bingleys frown upon her soiled clothes. Jane insists that her sister spend the night. That night the Bingley sisters make fun of the Bennets. When Elizabeth returns to the room, the discussion turns to Darcy’s opinions on what constitutes an “accomplished woman.” Elizabeth says that she “never saw such capacity, and taste, and application, and elegance, as you describe, united,” implying that Darcy is far too demanding.

Chapter 9-10
The next day, Mrs. Bennet arrives with Lydia and Catherine to visit Jane. Mrs. Bennet spends her visit trying to convince Bingley to stay at Netherfield. Mrs. Bennet makes a fool of herself. Lydia asks Bingley whether he will hold a ball. He replies that he must wait until Jane is fully recovered to hold a ball. Elizabeth sees Miss Bingley complimenting Darcy. Elizabeth and Darcy argue over accepting the Advice of friends. Elizabeth again refuses to dance with Darcy. Her refusal only increases his admiration. Miss Bingley, becomes jealous and spends the day making fun of Elizabeth’s family. Miss Bingley begins reading to impress Darcy. Being uninterested in literature, she is quickly bored and says loudly, “I declare after all there is no enjoyment like reading! How much sooner one tires of any thing than of a book!—When I have a house of my own, I shall be miserable if I have not an excellent library.”

Chapter 11-12
Miss Bingley spends the following night trying to attract Darcy’s attention. Darcy only looks up when she asks Elizabeth to walk with her. He states that his only fault is resentment. Elizabeth replies that it is hard to laugh at a “propensity to hate every body,” and Miss Bingley, insists on music to distract Darcy from Elizabeth. Elizabeth writes to her mother to say that she and Jane are ready to come home. Mrs. Bennet wantsJane to stay with Bingley, and refuses to send the carriage. Elizabeth insists on borrowing Bingley’s carriage and she and her sister leave. Darcy is glad to see them go, as Elizabeth attracts him too much.

Chapter 13-15
Mr. Bennet tells his wife about a visit from a Mr. William Collins, who will inherit Mr. Bennet’s property. Mr. Collins is a clergyman who is serving Lady Catherine de Bourgh. He arrives at Longbourn and apologizes for inheriting the Bennets’ property but admires and compliments the house. Mr. Collins speaks of Lady Catherine de Bourgh and her daughter who will one day inherit the de Bourgh fortune. After the meal, he reads from a book of sermons. Mr. Collins then decides to play backgammon with Mr. Bennet. Mr. Collins is in search of a wife and fixes his attention on Elizabeth. They all go to Meryton, where they run into one of Lydia’s officer friends, Mr. Denny. Denny introduces his friend, Mr. Wickham, who the young women find charming. Darcy and Bingley walk by, and Elizabeth notices that Wickham and Darcy are extremely cold to each other. Darcy and Bingley leave, and the group visits Mrs. Phillips, who invites the Bennets and Mr. Collins to dinner.

Chapter 16-17
At dinner Wickham is the center of attention. Eventually, Wickham tells Elizabeth Darcy's story: he had planned on joining the ministry, rather than the militia, but couldnt because he lacked money. Wickham says, Darcy used a loophole in his fathers will to keep the money for himself. Elizabeth, who likes and trusts Wickham, believes him. Later, Wickham tells her that Darcy is Lady Catherine de Bourgh’s nephew. Elizabeth dwells on this information. Elizabeth tells Jane the next day and she defends Darcy, saying that there is probably a misunderstanding. Bingley invites the neighborhood to a ball, she looks forward to seeing Wickham.

Chapter 18
Wickham does not attend the ball. Mr. Denny says Darcy keeps Wickham away. Elizabeth’s unhappiness increases during two dances with Mr. Collins and peaks when she finds herself dancing with Darcy. Elizabeth encounters Miss Bingley who warns her not to trust Wickham. Elizabeth assumes that Bingley’s sister is only being spiteful and ignored the warning. Mrs. Bennet discusses the union of Bingley and Jane so loudly that Elizabeth scorns her. Mrs. Bennet continues rambling about the impending marriage.

Chapter 19-21
Mr. Collins proposes to Elizabeth, assuming that she will be overjoyed. She turns him down, but he insists that she will change her mind. Mrs. Bennet is infuriated. She tells Elizabeth that if she does not marry Mr. Collins she will never see her again, and she asks Mr. Bennet to order Elizabeth to marry him. Her husband refuses and informs his daughter that if she were to marry Mr. Collins, he would refuse to see her again. Elizabeth encounters Wickham in Meryton. He apologizes for not going to the ball and walks her home, where Elizabeth introduces him to her parents. A letter arrives for Jane from Miss Bingley, informing her that Bingley is returning to the city and that Bingley plans to marry Georgiana. Elizabeth comforts Jane, telling her that this is all Miss Bingley’s doing.

Chapter 22-23
News arrives that Mr. Collins proposed to Charlotte Lucas and that she has accepted. Elizabeth is shocked. Mrs. Bennet is furious with her daughter for allowing a man to get away. Jane’s marriage prospects begin to appear limited.

Chapter 24-25
Miss Bingley sends another letter stating that Bingley will remain in London all winter, ending the Bennets’s hopes that he might return. Elizabeth is very upset by this news. Mrs. Bennet’s hopes of seeing her daughters marry fade. Mr. Bennet seems amused: he encourages Elizabeth’s interest in Wickham, so that she inlove. Mr. Gardiner, comes to stay with the family. The Gardiners invite Jane to accompany them back to London when they finish their visit, hoping that a change in scenery might raise Jane’s spirits. Jane accepts, hoping to see Mr. Bingley. Mrs. Gardiner notices that Elizabeth and Wickham show a liking for each other. Mrs. Gardiner does not think of Wickham as a good match for Elizabeth.

Chapter 26
Mrs. Gardiner warns Elizabeth that Wickham’s lack of money makes him unsuitable. She says that Elizabeth should be careful not to embarrass her father by becoming attached to Wickham. Elizabeth states that she will try to keep Wickham from falling in love with her and that she doesn't want to upset her father.After Jane and the Gardiners leave for London, Mr. Collins returns for his wedding. Elizabeth promises to visit Charlotte after her marriage. Jane’s letters from London tell how Miss Bingley was cold to her and visited her only briefly. Mrs. Gardiner asks Elizabeth about Wickham, and Elizabeth says he likes another girl.

Chapter 27-29
Elizabeth travels with Sir William Lucas to visit Charlotte and Mr. Collins. On the way, they spend a night in London with Jane and the Gardiners. Elizabeth and Mrs. Gardiner speak about Wickham’s attempts to win over Miss King. Mrs. Gardiner is critical of him, but Elizabeth defends him. The Gardiners invite Elizabeth to accompany them on a trip. Elizabeth accepts. When Elizabeth arrives at Mr. Collins’s parish, the clergyman and Charlotte greet her enthusiastically. She sees Lady de Bourgh’s daughter. The girl is “sickly and cross,” and Elizabeth imagines Darcy marrying such an unappealing person. Miss de Bourgh invites them to dine at a mansion. At dinner, Lady Catherine grills Elizabeth concerning her upbringing.

Chapter 30-32
Darcy and Colonel Fitzwilliam visit their aunt at Rosings. When Mr. Collins pays his respects, the two men accompany him back and visit with Elizabeth. Colonel Fitzwilliam pays attention to Elizabeth during dinner. Elizabeth makes fun of Darcy, informing Colonel Fitzwilliam of his bad behavior at the Meryton Ball. Darcy tells Elizabeth that Bingley is unlikely to spend much of his time at Netherfield Park in the future. Charlotte declares that Bingley must be in love with Elizabeth, or he would never have called. Eventually Charlotte says that it maybe Colonel Fitzwilliam is interested in Elizabeth.

Chapter 33-34
Colonel Fitzwilliam mentions to Elizabeth that Darcy claims to have saved a friend from a marriage. Elizabeth guesses that the friend was Bingley and the imprudent marriage a marriage to Jane. She views Darcy as the cause of her sister’s unhappiness. Elizabeth demands to know if Darcy sabotaged Jane’s romance with Bingley; he admits that he did. She repeats Wickham’s accusations and states that she thinks Darcy is to be proud and selfish and that marriage to him is unthinkable.

Chapter 35-36
The following day, Elizabeth takes a walk and runs into Darcy, who gives her a letter. He walks away, and Elizabeth begins to read it. In the letter, Darcy again admits to attempting to break Bingley’s romance with Jane, but he defends himself by arguing that Jane’s attachment to his friend was not yet strong enough to lead to heartbreak. He adds that he did not wish Bingley to involve himself with the social encumbrance of marrying into the Bennet family, with its lack of both wealth and propriety. In relation to Wickham, the letter states that Darcy did provide for him after his father’s death and that the root of their quarrel lay in an attempt by Wickham to elope with Darcy’s sister, Georgiana, in the hopes of obtaining her fortune.Elizabeth is stunned by this revelation, and while she dismisses some of what Darcy says about Jane and Bingley, his account of Wickham’s doings causes her to reappraise the officer and decide that'll she was probably wrong to trust him. Her feelings toward Darcy suddenly enter into flux.

Chapter 37-39
Darcy and Colonel Fitzwilliam leave Rosings. Elizabeth departs despite Lady Catherine’s insistence that she stay another two weeks. Mr. Collins informs Elizabeth that he and Charlotte seem to be made for each other (which is clearly not true). Elizabeth and Jane return home. Catherine and Lydia talk about the soldiers as they ride home. The regiment is to be sent to Brighton for the summer, and the two girls are hoping to convince their parents to go. Lydia mentions that Wickham is no longer interested in Miss King. Lydia insists that the girls go to Meryton to see the officers. Not wanting to see Wickham, Elizabeth refuses.

Chapter 40-42
Elizabeth tells Jane the truth about Wickham. Lydia is invited to spend the summer in Brighton by the wife of a Colonel Forster. Mr. Bennet lets her go. Elizabeth and Wickham discuss Darcy. Elizabeth doesn't mention what she has discovered. Kitty is upset to see the soldiers go and even more upset that her sister is allowed to follow them. Elizabeth goes with the Gardiners on a trip that takes them close to Darcy’s house. Hearing that Darcy is not in the neighborhood, she agrees to take a tour of the estate.

Chapter 43
Elizabeth imagines what it would be like to be mistress at Pemberley as Darcy’s wife. The housekeeper shows them portraits of Darcy and Wickham and says that Darcy was “the sweetest, most generous-hearted boy in the world.” Elizabeth is surprised to hear such an pleasant description of a man she thinks is awful. Darcy joins them in their walk, proving to be polite. Elizabeth assures Darcy that she came to Pemberley because she thought that he was away. Darcy tells her that he's only there to prepare for a group of guests that includes the Bingleys and his own sister, Georgiana. He asks Elizabeth if she would like to meet Georgiana, and Elizabeth replies that she would.

Chapter 44-45
Darcy and Georgiana visit Elizabeth at her inn. Bingley joins them and they invite Elizabeth and the Gardiners to dine at Pemberley. Elizabeth and Mrs. Gardiner visit Miss Darcy. Miss Bingley makes a spiteful comment to Elizabeth. Elizabeth avoids the subject of Wickham. After the guests depart, Miss Bingley attempts to criticize Elizabeth to Darcy. Darcy replies that he now considers Elizabeth “one of the handsomest women of my acquaintance.”

Chapter 46
When Elizabeth returns to her inn, she finds two letters from Jane: the first says that Lydia has eloped with Wickham, the second that they may not be married yet. Elizabeth panics, realizing that if Wickham does not marry Lydia, the reputations of both Lydia and the entire family will be ruined. Darcy and Elizabeth immediately blame themselves for not exposing Wickham. She decides to return home immediately. After an apology to Darcy and his sister for breaking their dinner plans, Elizabeth and the Gardiners head back to the Bennet home.

Chapter 47
On the way home, Mr. Gardiner attempts to reassure his niece that Wickham will marry Lydia. Elizabeth replies by telling them about Wickham’s past. When she gets home, Elizabeth learns that her father has gone to London in search of Lydia and Wickham. Mrs. Bennet is hysterical. Jane assures Elizabeth that there was no way anyone could have known about their sister’s attachment to Wickham.

Chapter 48
Mr. Gardiner follows Mr. Bennet to London and writes to Longbourn that the search has been unsuccessful. A letter arrives from Mr. Collins that accuses the Bennets of poor parenting and notes that Lydia’s behavior reflects poorly on the family. Mr. Gardiner writes to say that attempts to trace Wickham have failed and that Mr. Bennet is returning home.

Chapter 49
Mr. Gardiner writes to tell Mr. Bennett that Wickham and Lydia have been found and that Wickham will marry her if the Bennets will pay him. Mr. Bennet gladly agrees. The Bennets assume that the Gardiners have paid Wickham a lot. The Bennets assume that they owe a a lot to their relatives. Mrs. Bennet is happy with having Lydia married, even when her husband and daughters point out how much it has probably cost. Her happiness is lost when her husband refuses to allow Wickham and Lydia to visit or to provide his daughter with money.

Chapter 50-51
Elizabeth realizes that her opinion of Darcy has changed so much that if he were to propose, she would accept. She understands that, given Lydia’s behavior and Wickham to the Bennet family, a proposal seems unlikely. Mr. Gardiner writes to Mr. Bennet to tell him that Wickham has accepted a commission in England. Lydia asks to visit her family before they move. The Bennets allow the newlyweds to stay at their home. The ten-day visit is difficult: Lydia is oblivious to all of the trouble that she has caused, and Wickham behaves as if he has done nothing wrong. Lydia describes her wedding and mentions that Darcy was in the church. Elizabeth sends a letter to Mrs. Gardiner asking for details

Chapter 52-53
Mrs. Gardiner replies to Elizabeth that it was Darcy who found Lydia and Wickham, and Darcy who paid Wickham the money. She hints that Darcy did this because he loves Elizabeth. Elizabeth is unsure whether to be upset or happy. Bingley is returning to Netherfield for a few weeks. Mr. Bennet refuses to visit him. Bingley comes to the Bennets’s home with Darcy. Mrs. Bennet is rude to Darcy, completely unaware that he was the one who saved Lydia.

Chapter 54-55
Bingley placed himself next to Jane at dinner while Darcy found a seat at the opposite end of the table from her Elizabeth. Elizabeth accepts that Darcy will not propose again. Bingley visited the Bennets and Mrs. Bennet invited him to dinner. He tells her that he already already has plans but accepts an invitation for the next day. Mrs. Bennet manages to leave Bingley alone with Jane but he does not propose. Bingley goes shooting with Mr. Bennet and stays for dinner. After the meal, he finds himself alone with Jane again. He tells her that he will ask Mr. Bennet for permission to marry her. Mr. Bennet agrees and Jane tells Elizabeth that she is “the happiest creature in the world". The neighborhood agrees that the Bennets are extremely fortunate in their daughter’s marriage.

Chapter 56
Lady Catherine de Bourgh visits the Bennets, she wants to talk to Elizabeth and insists that they go outside. Lady Catherine informs Elizabeth that she has heard a rumor that Darcy is planning to marry her. Elizabeth hides her surprise. She admits that she and Darcy are not engaged but doesnt promise not to get engagement to him. Lady Catherine presents the familiar objection: the Bennets have such low connections that Darcy marrying Elizabeth would ruin him. Elizabeth defends her family. Miss Bingley, and Lady Catherine herself always attempt to exert over their social inferiors. Lady Catherine leaves, furious and frustrated, and Elizabeth keeps their conversation secret.

Chapter 57-58
A letter arrives from Mr. Collins that says an engagement between Darcy and Elizabeth is possible. Mr. Bennet reads it to Elizabeth and comments on the absurdity of the idea of an engagement with Darcy. After Lady Catherine’s visit, Darcy comes to stay with Bingley at Netherfield. They visit the Bennets and everyone takes a walk together. Elizabeth and Darcy lag behind, and Elizabeth thanks him for saving Lydia’s good name. Darcy says that he only did because Lydia is her sister. He then says that his feelings toward her have not changed. Elizabeth tells him that her own feelings have changed and that she is now willing to marry him.

Chapter 59-60
Elizabeth tells Jane about Darcy’s intention to marry her. Jane cannot believe that Elizabeth loves Darcy. Darcy goes to Mr. Bennet to ask him for his approval. Mr. Bennet needs Elizabeth to convince him that she loves Darcy. She tells him how Darcy paid Wickham. Mrs. Bennet hears about engagement and bursts into happy tears. Darcy and Elizabeth talk about how their love began developed. Darcy writes to Lady Catherine about his engagement. Mr. Bennet sends a letter to Mr. Collins to do the same. The Collins congratulate the couple.

Chapter 61
After the weddings, Bingley buy a house near Pemberley, and the Bennet sisters visit a lot. Kitty is kept away from Lydia and she matures by spending time at her older sisters’ homes. Lydia and Wickham continue asking Darcy for money and visiting the Bingleys so much that Bingley gets tired of them. Elizabeth becomes friends with Georgiana. She even interacts with Miss Bingley. Lady Catherine accepts the marriage and visits her nephew at Pemberley. Darcy and Elizabeth consider the Gardiners close friends, grateful for the fact that they helped bring the two together.